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2.
Medwave ; 20(4): e7902, 2020.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1103970

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: Un nuevo tipo de coronavirus, denominado SARS­CoV-2, puede provocar patología respiratoria, denominada COVID-19, y ha generado una pandemia sin precedentes. Las complicaciones graves incluyen neumonía y la mortalidad oscila entre un 2 a un 5%. Hasta el 26 de marzo de 2020 la OMS informó 462 684 casos confirmados, y 20 834 muertes en todo el mundo. Se transmite por aerosoles o gotitas respiratorias. Distintas sociedades científicas han publicado guías de práctica clínica respecto a la atención oftalmológica en pandemia COVID-19. Cada una expone la información de manera diferente, lo que dificulta la toma de decisiones. MÉTODOS: Realizamos una búsqueda bibliográfica sensible en EMBASE y dirigida en sociedades oftalmológicas de guías de práctica clínica de atención oftalmológica en pandemia COVID-19. Extrajimos las recomendaciones, organizándolas en tres categorías: "qué pacientes tratar", "funcionamiento del policlínico y consulta" y "qué intervenciones evitar". En cada una se evaluó la búsqueda sistemática de evidencia y el uso en las recomendaciones de metodología Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation, GRADE. RESULTADOS: Se encontraron 14 artículos relevantes. Se extrajeron 51 recomendaciones, elaborando una tabla resumen. Ninguna efectuó búsqueda sistemática de evidencia, ni incorporó GRADE en las recomendaciones. CONCLUSIONES: Las guías de práctica clínica revisadas comparten los principios generales de reprogramar toda consulta y cirugía no urgente, reforzando las precauciones de contacto, el uso de elementos de protección personal y desinfección de superficies e instrumentos. Se deben mejorar las guías de práctica clínica incorporando búsquedas sistemáticas de evidencia, usando metodología GRADE para las recomendaciones y Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) para el reporte.


INTRODUCTION: A new type of coronavirus (SARS­CoV-2) causes a respiratory distress syndrome called COVID-19 that has generated an un-precedented pandemic. Serious complications include pneumonia, and mortality ranges from 2 to 5%. Up until 26 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) reports 462 684 confirmed cases and 20 834 deaths worldwide. Dissemination occurs from aerosols or respiratory droplets. Different scientific societies have published clinical practice guidelines regarding ophthalmic care in the COVID-19 pandemic, but the information is presented inconsistently, which makes decision-making difficult. METHODS: We conducted a sensitive bibliographic search in EMBASE and ophthalmic society webpages of the clinical practice guidelines of ophthalmic care in the COVID-19 pandemic. We extracted the recommendations, organizing them into three categories: "which patients to treat", "how should the clinic work", and "what interventions should be avoided". For each guideline, we assessed whether the search was systematic and whether the methodology Grading of recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) was followed. RESULTS: Fourteen relevant articles were found. Fifty-one recommendations were extracted and are shown in a table summary. None are based on a systematic search for evidence, nor do any use GRADE to develop the recommendations. CONCLUSIONS: All the clinical practice guidelines that we reviewed recommend rescheduling all non-urgent consultations and surgeries, reinforcing contact precautions, using personal protection elements, and disinfecting surfaces and instruments. The guidelines should be improved by incorporating a systematic search for evidence, using GRADE for recommendations, and the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation (AGREE II) for reporting.


Subject(s)
Humans , Ophthalmology/standards , Practice Guidelines as Topic , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19/epidemiology , Ophthalmology/methods , Sterilization/methods , Equipment Contamination , Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological , COVID-19/complications , COVID-19/prevention & control
3.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 80(6): 350-354, Nov.-Dec. 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-888156

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare perceptions of the quality of ophthalmological services offered to outpatients from the public healthcare system to those from the private healthcare system, and to determine which measures are seen as necessary and a priority for improving the quality of care. Methods: This was a prospective observational study on 200 patients, 101 and 99 of whom were from the public and private healthcare systems, respectively. All patients underwent an ophthalmological examination at an ophthalmology hospital in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Personal interviews were conducted using two structured questionnaires adapted from the modified SERVQUAL scale. Results: Overall, patients from the private healthcare system were significantly more dissatisfied than those from the public healthcare system. In both systems, reliability was considered to be the most important determinant of quality, and it presented the highest level of dissatisfaction. Satisfaction with the public healthcare system was significantly greater than that with the private healthcare system in terms of the tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, and assurance determinants of the SERVQUAL scale. Conclusions: Institutions must plan, execute, evaluate, and monitor measures that seek to improve the overall patient satisfaction with the quality of services provided, particularly in the private healthcare system, and special attention must be paid to reliability in both healthcare systems. The identification and monitoring of the quality of healthcare services through the periodic use of the SERVQUAL scale may provide healthcare managers with information so that they can identify, plan, and monitor necessary and priority measures. This could be a key strategy for improving the quality of outpatient health services in the public and private systems.


RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar a percepção da qualidade dos serviços oftalmológicos prestado aos pacientes ambulatoriais do sistema público com a do sistema privado e detectar quais ações são percebidas como necessárias e prioritárias para melhorar a qualidade do atendimento. Métodos: Foi realizado estudo prospectivo observacional de 200 pacientes sendo 101 do sistema público de saúde e 99 do sistema privado submetidos a exame oftalmológico em Hospital Especializado em Oftalmologia (HEO) - Belo Horizonte - MG - Brasil. Realizaram-se entrevistas pessoais, mediante a aplicação de dois questionários estruturados adaptados da escala SERVQUAL modificada. Resultados: No geral, detectou-se que pacientes do sistema de saúde privado, estão significativamente mais insatisfeitos que aqueles do sistema público de saúde. Em ambos os sistemas a confiabilidade foi considerada o determinante de qualidade mais importante e o que apresentou o maior índice de insatisfação. No sistema público a satisfação foi significativamente superior à do sistema privado a nível dos determinantes da escala SERVQUAL: tangibilidade, confiabilidade, atendimento e segurança. Conclusões: A instituição deve planejar, executar, avaliar e monitorar ações que busquem melhorar a satisfação geral dos pacientes com a qualidade do serviço recebido, principalmente do sistema privado, com atenção especial à confiabilidade nos dois sistemas. A identificação e monitorização da qualidade dos serviços de saúde, empregando periodicamente a escala SERVQUAL, poderá fornecer informações à administração dos serviços de saúde para que possam detectar, planejar e monitorizar as ações necessárias e prioritárias, podendo funcionar como chave estratégica para o aprimoramento da qualidade dos serviços de saúde ambulatoriais públicos e privados.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Ophthalmology/standards , Quality of Health Care/standards , Patient Satisfaction/statistics & numerical data , Public Sector/standards , Private Sector/standards , Delivery of Health Care/standards , Ophthalmology/statistics & numerical data , Outpatients/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Prospective Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Public Sector/statistics & numerical data , Private Sector/statistics & numerical data
5.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 76(2): 74-80, Mar.-Apr. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-899051

ABSTRACT

Resumo Objetivo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o conhecimento de médicos com formação nas especialidades de clínica médica e cirúrgica acerca do processo de doação de córneas, bem como avaliar a segurança por parte desses profissionais neste processo e, se há insegurança, os motivos para tal. Métodos: A pesquisa se baseia na coleta de dados por meio de um questionário com dez perguntas de múltipla escolha sobre o processo de doação de córneas, sendo duas perguntas sobre segurança no processo de doação. A amostra consiste em 60 profissionais médicos do Hospital Universitário HU-UFSC selecionados por conveniência e não probabilística. Resultados: Os entrevistados obtiveram uma média de acertos de 72,2%. Em relação à segurança no processo de doação de córneas, 41 (68,66%) referem se sentir seguros quanto ao mesmo e 19 (31,33%) revelam não ter segurança para essa condição. Do total de entrevistados que revelaram insegurança no processo de doação de córneas, 13 apontaram como fator contribuinte pouca informação sobre o assunto na faculdade. Alguns temas relevantes a respeito do assunto se mostraram insuficientes e 31,66% dos entrevistados se revelaram inseguros frente a uma situação que envolva doação de córneas. Conclusão: Esses achados sugerem a necessidade de melhorar o nível de informação transmitida durante o curso de graduação acerca do processo de doação de córneas, a fim de conscientizar, melhorar o conhecimento e promover segurança frente a um potencial doador.


Abstract Objective: This study aims to evaluate the knowledge of physicians trained in Internal medicine and General surgery specialties about cornea donation process clinic, as well as to assess the confidence by these professionals in this process and, if there is uncertainty, the reasons for this. Methods: The research is based on data collected through a questionnaire with ten multiple choice questions about the process of cornea donation, in which two questions are about confidence in the donation process. The sample consists of 60 physicians of University Hospital HU-UFSC selected for convenience and non-probability. Results: Respondents had a mean score of 72.2%. Regarding confidence in the donation of corneas, 41 (68.66%) feel confident in the donation process and 19 (31.33%) did not reveal safety for this condition. From the total of respondents who revealed insecurity in cornea donation process, 13 of these indicated as a contributing factor little information on the subject in college. Some relevant themes on the subject are insufficient and 31.66% of the interviewees proved insecure against a situation involving the corneal donation. Conclusion: This finds suggest the need to improve the level of information transmitted during the undergraduate course about the process of corneal donation in order to raise awareness, improve knowledge and promote confidence when facing a potential donor.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Physicians/statistics & numerical data , Tissue and Organ Procurement/statistics & numerical data , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Cornea , Tissue and Organ Harvesting/methods , Ophthalmology/standards , Ophthalmology/statistics & numerical data , Professional Competence , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Corneal Transplantation , General Practitioners , Observational Study , Surgeons , Hospitals, University
6.
Korean Journal of Ophthalmology ; : 115-121, 2014.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-147481

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To assess current practice patterns for dry eye patients in South Korea and to evaluate the preference according to the ages and clinic types of physicians. METHODS: Dry eye patients (n = 1,612) were enrolled in this multicenter cross-sectional, observational study. The severity level of dry eye patients was classified based on the Korean guidelines for dry eye treatment. The medical records of the enrolled dry eye patients were evaluated, and the practice styles and the preferences were analyzed according to the ages and clinic types of physicians. RESULTS: Of all patients, dry eye level 1 was most common (47.5%), followed by level 2 (33.5%), level 3 (9.1%), and level 4 (1.1%). Topical anti-inflammatory agents were used in 70.7% of patients with dry eye level 2 and in 80.6% of patients at levels 3 and 4. Topical anti-inflammatory agents were also used in 48.7% of patients with dry eye level 1. Preservative-free artificial tears were preferred at all dry eye levels. The use of topical anti-inflammatory agents did not differ with investigator ages, but older physicians preferred preserved artificial tears more than younger ones. Physicians at referral hospitals also tended to use topical anti-inflammatory agents and preservative-free artificial tears earlier, beginning at dry eye level 1, than those who worked at private eye clinics. CONCLUSIONS: Topical anti-inflammatory agents were commonly prescribed for the treatment of dry eye patients in South Korea, even from dry eye level 1. Preservative-free artificial tears were preferred at all dry eye levels. Practice styles differed somewhat depending on the ages and clinic types of physicians.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Age Factors , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Attitude of Health Personnel , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cyclosporine/therapeutic use , Dry Eye Syndromes/drug therapy , Fatty Acids, Essential/therapeutic use , Lubricant Eye Drops/therapeutic use , Ointments/therapeutic use , Ophthalmology/standards , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Professional Practice , Referral and Consultation , Republic of Korea , Severity of Illness Index
7.
Korean Journal of Ophthalmology ; : 122-129, 2014.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-147480

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To establish the strength of the association between routine tear function tests and conjunctival impression cytology (CIC) and to determine whether they simulate the morphological and cytological changes that occur on the ocular surface in dry eye. What are the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values of these tests when CIC is considered the gold standard? METHODS: The tear film profile included tear film break up time (TBUT), Schirmer's-1, Rose Bengal scores (RBS), and impression cytology. CIC samples were obtained from the inferior bulbar conjunctiva and stained with periodic acid-Schiff and counter stained with hematoxylin and eosin. RESULTS: The mean Schirmer's value was 11.66 +/- 5.90 in patients and 17.17 +/- 2.97 in controls (p Schirmer's > RBS, and the specificity was Schirmer's > TBUT > RBS in decreasing order when CIC was considered the gold standard.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Case-Control Studies , Conjunctiva/pathology , Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological/standards , Dry Eye Syndromes/diagnosis , Eosine Yellowish-(YS) , Goblet Cells/pathology , Hematoxylin , Ophthalmology/standards , Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction/standards , Predictive Value of Tests , Rose Bengal , Sensitivity and Specificity , Tears
8.
Indian J Ophthalmol ; 2012 Sept-Oct; 60(5): 416-422
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-144893

ABSTRACT

Reliable information is required for the planning and management of eye care services. While classical research methods provide reliable estimates, they are prohibitively expensive and resource intensive. Rapid assessment (RA) methods are indispensable tools in situations where data are needed quickly and where time- or cost-related factors prohibit the use of classical epidemiological surveys. These methods have been developed and field tested, and can be applied across almost the entire gamut of health care. The 1990s witnessed the emergence of RA methods in eye care for cataract, onchocerciasis, and trachoma and, more recently, the main causes of avoidable blindness and visual impairment. The important features of RA methods include the use of local resources, simplified sampling methodology, and a simple examination protocol/data collection method that can be performed by locally available personnel. The analysis is quick and easy to interpret. The entire process is inexpensive, so the survey may be repeated once every 5–10 years to assess the changing trends in disease burden. RA survey methods are typically linked with an intervention. This article provides an overview of the RA methods commonly used in eye care, and emphasizes the selection of appropriate methods based on the local need and context.


Subject(s)
Delivery of Health Care/standards , Health Services Accessibility/standards , Humans , Ophthalmology/standards , Optometry/organization & administration , Optometry/standards , Outcome Assessment, Health Care/methods
9.
Indian J Ophthalmol ; 2011 Jan; 59 (Suppl1): 11-18
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-136247

ABSTRACT

In the last decade, there have been reports on the prevalence of glaucoma from the Vellore Eye Survey, Andhra Pradesh Eye Diseases Survey, Aravind Comprehensive Eye Survey, Chennai Glaucoma Study and West Bengal Glaucoma Study. Population-based studies provide important information regarding the prevalence and risk factors for glaucoma. They also highlight regional differences in the prevalence of various types of glaucoma. It is possible to gather important insights regarding the number of persons affected with glaucoma and the proportion with undiagnosed disease. We reviewed the different population-based studies from India and compare their findings. The lacunae in ophthalmic care that can be inferred from these studies are identified and possible reasons and solutions are discussed. We also discuss the clinical relevance of the various findings, and how it reflects on clinical practice in the country. Since India has a significantly high disease burden, we examine the possibility of population-based screening for disease in the Indian context.


Subject(s)
Blindness/epidemiology , Blindness/etiology , Glaucoma/complications , Glaucoma/diagnosis , Glaucoma/epidemiology , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/epidemiology , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/epidemiology , Humans , Incidence , India/epidemiology , Ophthalmology/standards , Prevalence , Quality of Health Care , Risk Factors
13.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 73(3): 276-281, jun. 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-555071

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade do atendimento, pela percepção dos usuários e gestores municipais de saúde (prefeitos, secretários de saúde e triadores). Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo transversal e descritivo. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 359 usuários e 48 gestores. O atendimento médico foi considerado ótimo por 79,6 por cento dos usuários, por 93,7 por cento dos prefeitos, por 87,5 por cento dos secretários de saúde e por 100 por cento dos triadores. O pessoal de enfermagem foi considerado ótimo por 75,7 por cento dos usuários, 93,8 por cento dos prefeitos, 75,0 por cento dos secretários de saúde e por 100 por cento dos triadores. A recepção recebeu avaliação ótima de 73,8 por cento dos usuários e 93,8 por cento dos triadores. Conclusão: O modelo de atendimento da Clínica Oftalmológica de Divinolândia obteve alta satisfação tanto dos usuários como dos gestores.


Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the assistance quality through the perception of the users and municipal health managers (mayors, health secretaries and screening team). Methods: A transversal and descriptive study was carried out. Results: The sample was comprised by 359 users and 48 managers. Medical assistance was considered excellent by 79.6 percent of the users, 93.7 percent of the managers, 87.5 percent of the health secretaries and 100 percent of the screening team. Reception received a great evaluation by 73.8 percent of the users and 93.8 percent of the selectors. Conclusion: The assistance model used at the Ophthalmologic Clinic of Divinolândia obtained a high level of satisfaction pleasing both users and managers.


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Facility Administrators , Health Personnel , Ophthalmology/standards , Patient Satisfaction/statistics & numerical data , Quality of Health Care/standards , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Quality of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Surveys and Questionnaires
15.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 70(4): 581-584, jul.-ago. 2007. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-461943

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o conhecimento de estudantes de medicina sobre o processo de doação de córneas, comparando-o entre aqueles que já cursaram a disciplina de Oftalmologia com os demais. MÉTODOS: Foi aplicado um questionário a estudantes de medicina do interior de São Paulo, contendo dados como: idade, sexo, ano de graduação e 10 perguntas de múltipla escolha sobre o tema. As questões abordaram o limite de idade para doação, contra-indicações para o transplante, tempo para retirada das córneas, dentre outras. Foi comparado o conhecimento ( por cento de acertos) entre aqueles que haviam cursado a disciplina de Oftalmologia (Grupo A) com os demais (Grupo B). RESULTADOS: Foram entrevistados 402 estudantes. Destes, 140 eram do grupo A e 262 do grupo B. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os dois grupos (p=0,8328). CONCLUSÃO: O conhecimento sobre o processo de doação de córneas mostrou-se insuficiente entre os alunos entrevistados, mesmo para aqueles que haviam cursado a disciplina de Oftalmologia, apontando a necessidade de aperfeiçoamento do conhecimento divulgado nas escolas médicas.


PURPOSE: To compare knowledge of medical students about the cornea donation process among those who already studied Ophthalmology and the others. METHODOS: A questionnaire containing data as: age, sex, graduation year, and 10 multiple-choice questions about the subject was applied to medical students from the interior of São Paulo state, Brazil. The questions were: age for donation, contraindication for transplants, the time limit to remove the cornea, among others. The knowledge regarding cornea donation was compared between the two groups: students who already studied Ophthalmology (Group A) and the others (Group B). RESULTS: The study group was composed of 402 students, of whom 140 were of group A and 262 of group B. Knowledge between the two groups was different, but not statistically significant (p=0.8328). CONCLUSION: Knowledge about the cornea donation process among the interviewed seemed to be insufficient, even those who had studied Ophthalmology. Information and education about transplants in Medical Schools should be improved.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Cornea , Ophthalmology/standards , Professional Competence/standards , Students, Medical , Tissue and Organ Procurement/statistics & numerical data , Age Factors , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Ophthalmology/statistics & numerical data , Surveys and Questionnaires , Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Time Factors
16.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 69(2): 213-219, mar.-abr. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-426719

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Identificar a percepção da qualidade dos serviços oftalmológicos prestados aos pacientes ambulatoriais do Sistema Unico de Saúde - SUS - e detectar quais ações são percebidas como necessárias e prioritárias para melhorar a sua qualidade. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo descritivo quantitativo de 100 pacientes ambulatoriais do SUS, submetidos a exame oftalmológico na Fundação Hilton Rocha, em Belo Horizonte - MG, no período de 1 de junho a 30 de julho de 2004. Realizaram-se entrevistas pessoais, mediante a aplicação de dois questionários estruturados adaptados da escala SERVQUAL modificada. Essa escala foi adaptada à realidade da instituição estudada. RESULTADOS: A escala SERVQUAL adaptada foi submetida à validação estatística apresentando adequado índice de consistência interna. Em termos gerais, detectou-se ligeira insatisfação geral com a qualidade do atendimento oftalmológico. Os entrevistados deram maior importância à segurança e à confiabilidade. Detectou-se o maior grau de insatisfação na confiabilidade, principalmente em relação ao cumprimento das atividades nos horários marcados e em relação à execução dos serviços no prazo prometido. CONCLUSÕES: A instituição deve planejar e executar ações que levem a melhora geral da satisfação de seus pacientes com a qualidade do serviço recebido, principalmente no aspecto confiabilidade. A monitorização da qualidade do serviço pelo emprego periódico da escala SERVQUAL permitiria não só planejar estratégias precisas de intervenção de alta efetividade neste e em outros serviços de saúde, como também permitiria monitorizar a resposta a essas ações, contribuindo, dessa forma, para a melhora da qualidade do serviço no sistema como um todo.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Delivery of Health Care , Outpatients , Ophthalmology/standards , Quality of Health Care/standards , Brazil , Health Care Reform , Marketing of Health Services , Patient Satisfaction , Public Sector , Quality Indicators, Health Care , Surveys and Questionnaires
17.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 68(3): 311-316, maio-jun. 2005. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-410440

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a porcentagem de pacientes oftalmológicos que buscam uma segunda opinião e verificar o principal motivo dessa busca. MÉTODOS: A metodologia da pesquisa consiste na entrevista direta de 806 pacientes oftalmológicos, atendidos em hospital especializado, por meio de um questionário elaborado, com variáveis que podem estar relacionadas à busca da segunda opinião. RESULTADOS: Observou-se que 32 por cento dos pacientes oftalmológicos solicitam a segunda opinião e destes, 31 por cento procuram outros médicos para confirmar diagnóstico. CONCLUSAO: A busca pela segunda opinião em Oftalmologia está diretamente vinculada, em sua maioria, à questão da relação médico/paciente. Tal situação serve de alerta para o atual ensino profissional, apontando a necessidade de dedicação, empenho e maior investimento no aprendizado, tanto dos atuais como dos futuros profissionais, no que diz respeito a essa questão. Ressalta-se também, a necessidade de melhorar as condições atuais de remuneração e trabalho. Talvez, a revisão desses conceitos possa contribuir para a diminuição desses problemas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Ophthalmology/statistics & numerical data , Physician-Patient Relations , Referral and Consultation/statistics & numerical data , Patient Satisfaction/statistics & numerical data , Trust , Ophthalmology/standards , Surveys and Questionnaires , Referral and Consultation/standards
18.
Indian J Ophthalmol ; 2000 Jun; 48(2): 93-9
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-71009

ABSTRACT

We live in an age of science, an age in which science impacts practically every phase of our life. In the field of medicine, our entire understanding of diseases and their management depends on scientific knowledge. To obtain that knowledge, we rely on the published scientific literature. Therefore, the sanctity of science must be fiercely guarded. In medicine, true science leads to valid treatment--and preservation of the life, health and (for ophthalmologists) eyesight of our patients. A corrupted science results in corrupted scientific knowledge which in turn, in medicine, leads to wrong treatment and harm to the patients.


Subject(s)
Ethics, Medical , Humans , Ophthalmology/standards , Philosophy , Publishing/standards , Research/standards , Science/standards
19.
Indian J Ophthalmol ; 2000 Jun; 48(2): 81-2
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-70996
20.
Indian J Ophthalmol ; 1999 Dec; 47(4): 257-64
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-70318

ABSTRACT

Qualitative research was the preserve of social scientists before making inroads into medical sciences, as the medical fraternity was wedded to evidence-based medicine. Qualitative research methods are now being increasingly used in medicine. The goal of qualitative research is to help in the understanding of social phenomenon in their natural settings. These methods help to unravel mysteries relating to complex human interactions and to study the role of human behaviour in health and disease. Recent evidence points to the complementary roles of qualitative and quantitative methods in medical research. Qualitative methods include observations, interviews, focus groups, projective techniques, analysis of personal documents and accounts, sorting and ranking, and case studies. This communication describes the application of qualitative methods in ophthalmic research.


Subject(s)
Humans , Ophthalmology/standards , Quality Assurance, Health Care , Research/methods
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